RAMUKAN BAƘI MILIYAN 40 SUNA YAWO A CIKIN DAMIN TAURARINMU

Lokacin da babban tauraro ya mutu, zai iya rushewa ya zama ramin baƙi. Na’urorin gano raƙuman nauyi (gravitational waves) sun kama ɗaruruwansu suna haɗewa a wurare masu nisa. Amma a cikin Milky Way ɗinmu, kusan ramukan baƙi na taurari ashirin da huɗu ne kawai aka sani — kusan dukansu biyu-biyu, inda tauraro abokin tafiya ke tona su.

Ka’ida ta ce ya kamata a sami kusan miliyan ɗari. Mafi yawansu za su kasance a ware: su kaɗai, cikin duhu, ba abin da zai bayyana su. Ɗaya kawai aka tabbatar har yanzu, OGLE-2011-BLG-0462, mai nauyin kusan sau 7 na Rana, wanda aka gano saboda ya ƙara girman hasken wani tauraro da ke bayansa na ɗan lokaci — tasirin da ake kira ruwan tabarau na nauyi ƙarami (gravitational microlensing).

Kwaikwayon taurarin damin taurari gaba ɗaya

Jian-Guo He, Yong Shao da abokan aikinsu a Jami’ar Nanjing sun gina POPKIN, sabuwar lambar Python. Tana bin taurari guda ɗaya da taurari ma’aurata daga haihuwa zuwa mutuwa — musayar nauyi, haɗewa, fashewar supernova — cikin samfurin tarihin samar da taurari da sinadarai na Milky Way a cikin shekaru biliyan 12. Sannan tana bin kowane ramin baƙi da ya samu a kan kewayensa ta cikin Damin Taurari har zuwa yau.

Sun gudanar da sigogi goma na samfurin, suna canza ilimin kimiyyar lissafi mafi rashin tabbas: yadda taurari ke fashewa, da yadda taurari ma’aurata ke musayar nauyi.

Ƙidayar

A cikin samfurinsu na asali:

• Milky Way tana ɗauke da kusan ramukan baƙi miliyan 40 a ware (wasu hanyoyin supernova suna ba da miliyan 100 zuwa 200).
• Kusan 80,000 suna cikin kiloparsec 1 daga Rana — kusan shekarun haske 3,300.
• Matsakaicin nauyinsu kusan sau 11 na Rana ne. Nauyinsu ya taru kusa da nauyin Rana 9 da 20, da wani gibi mai ban mamaki tsakanin 13 da 17.
• Yawancinsu suna kusa da shimfiɗar Damin Taurari. Kusan rabinsu sun fito daga tsohon faifai mai kauri na Milky Way.
• Asalin da ya fi yawa: taurari ma’aurata da supernova ta raba su (kusan 48%).
• Fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku an haife su ba tare da harbawa ba (kick). Suna bin kewaye-kewaye masu natsuwa, kusan zagaye. Waɗanda suka sami harbawa lokacin haihuwa suna tafiya da sauri sosai, sau da yawa km/s 100 zuwa 200.

Nauyin da aka hasashe na ramukan baƙi a ware: ƙololuwa biyu kusa da nauyin Rana 9 da 20, da gibi tsakanin 13 da 17. — Hoto na 13, He et al. (2026), arXiv:2609.29211.

Inda za su bayyana a sararin sama: sun taru zuwa shimfiɗa da tsakiyar Milky Way. — Hoto na 15, He et al. (2026), arXiv:2609.29211.

Yadda za a same su

• Hasken X. Ramin baƙi da ke tafiya a hankali ta cikin iskar gas tsakanin taurari yana haɗiye wani ɓangarenta kuma yana haskakawa. Samfurin ya yi hasashen kusan 5,000 irin waɗannan tushe sama da wani matakin haske a dukan Damin Taurari, kusan 100 a cikin kiloparsec 1 — lambobi masu kyakkyawan fata, masu matuƙar dogaro da yadda iskar gas da aka haɗiye ke fitar da haske.
• Microlensing. Abubuwan ƙara girman haske masu daɗewa su ne mafi kyawun alama. Don binciken tsakiyar Damin Taurari da na’urar hangen nesa ta sararin samaniya Roman da ke tafe za ta yi, samfurin ya yi hasashen kusan abubuwa 360 cikin shekaru biyar — iyaka ta sama, kafin tasirin zaɓe na zahiri.

Samfurin ya kuma ba da hasashe game da ramin baƙi ɗaya tilo da aka sani a ware: motsinsa ya fi dacewa da ramin baƙi da aka haifa a cikin siririn faifai wanda ya sami harbawa lokacin haihuwa, ko da yake ba a kawar da wani asali dabam ba.

Dalilin da ya sa lambobin suka bambanta

Jimillar ƙidayar ta fi dogaro da yadda taurari ke fashewa, abin da har yanzu ba a da tabbas a kai. Abin da ake nufi ke nan: abubuwan microlensing masu daɗewa suna adana alamomin wannan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, kamar gibin da ke cikin nauyi. Ƙidaya ramukan baƙi masu zaman kaɗaici zai iya bayyana yadda manyan taurari ke mutuwa.